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Welcome to CIA Inspection's Technical Papers and
Information Page. We are constantly updating this page and adding new papers as
we find information that we would like to share with the industry. We have
included some papers that were written by us but we have also included papers
written by other industry experts. If you have a paper that you would like us to
put on our web site, please feel free to contact us. All of the papers are in .pdf
format. If you do not have Adobe reader, you can go to their website and
download it for free.
Advances
in NDE Techniques for Delayed Coke Drums
A
combined effort paper written by Rick Clark of CIA Inspection and Mike Smith
of TSC Inspection Systems for the 3rd Middle East Non-Destructive Testing
Conference and Exhibition in Bahrain in November 2005.This paper outlines the
evolution of Remote Coke Drum Inspection discussing a suite of technologies
which have been developed to investigate and monitor the condition of delayed
coke drums.
A key focus of the paper is centered around the introduction of new
sensor technology and the specific development of a robotic device which
places the sensor remotely, on the inside surface of the vessel.
This innovative technology is designed to identify and size flaws
without the need to scaffold, remove insulation or blind the vessel. After the
conference, this paper will be available in pdf format. For more information
on this conference, please go to
A combined effort paper written by Daryl Rutt and Rick Clark of CIA and
Richard Boswell, Bobby Wright, Claudio Allevato of Stress Engineering presented at
the American Institute of Chemical Engineers Spring National Meeting, 2002.
This paper focuses on the individual techniques that are now being combined
including laser surface profiling to measure drum distortion and bulging,
strain gauging to measure drum wall stresses during the heating/quench cycle ,
acoustic emission testing to globally inspect the drums for ID and OD
connected cracks, and improved drum construction techniques for repairing or
replacing sections of coke drums. These inspection, monitoring and repair
technologies are individually reviewed and their benefits when applied in
combination are discussed.
A paper written by Daryl Rutt and Rick Clark presented at
the American Institute of Chemical Engineers Spring National Meeting, 2000.
This paper focuses on the new developments CIAI has done for applying finite
element modeling tools to the laser-scanned profiles of coke drums to evaluate
the stress concentrations caused by local distortions.
An excellent paper on the fundamentals of the delayed coking process. Courtesy
of Great Lakes Carbon Corporation.
A paper written by Chuck Pieper, Ron Shockley and Coby Stewart
presented at the American Institute of Chemical Engineers Spring National
Meeting, 2000. This paper describes the bulging phenomena of coke drums,
normally accepted solutions, and a revolutionary method developed by Chicago
Bridge & Iron Company to eliminate a primary contributing factor causing
the bulging/cracking phenomena.
A paper presented at the American Institute of Chemical Engineers Spring
National Meeting, 1998.
Examples of the trends observed from inspections of over 120 delayed coke
drums are provided. The paper also describes a variety of uses for the
inspection data that have been implemented by the oil refining industry.
by reliability consultants Barringer and
Associates
by Barringer and Associates
Corrosion, Materials and Inspection Considerations for
Delayed Coking Units
by Tom Farraro and Terry Walker (Mobil Oil). This paper discusses the
metallurgy, corrosion, and inspection problems associated with delayed coking
units. Please contact the authors for a copy of this paper.
These papers may be obtained from the author or from the
conference director.
Conoco - Bechtel Alliance - Delayed Coking Invitational Forum (July 30 -
August 2, 2000)
Papers & Presentations of Interest:
- Delayed Coking Unit Optimization - Sim Romero (Bechtel Corporation)
- Coker Valve Repair - Jimmy Foret (Flowserve Corporation)
- Reliability Strategies for a Delayed Coking Unit - Marc Hoss (Koch
Petroleum Group)
- Coke Drum Vertical Plate - Design/Repair/Fabrication - Coby Stewart
(Chicago Bridge & Iron)
- Coke Drum Reliability Management
Program - Rick Clark (CIA Inspection)
- Coke Drum Scanning and Optimization - Jerry Kolek (Tru Tec Services)
- Defoamer Systems and Operation - Don Sprauge (Baker Petrolite)
- Delayed Coking Unit - Advanced Process Control - Dan Johnston (Aspen
Technology, Inc.)
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3rd International Conference on Refining Processing (AIChE Spring National
Meeting - March 5-9, 2000)
Conference Chair - Gavin P. Towler, UOP LLC
Papers of Interest:
- Tutorial: Delayed Coking Commercial Technology - Gary C. Hughes, Brian J.
Doerkson, Ann M. Englehorn and Sim Romero
- Overview of World Wide Fuel Grade Petroleum Coke Markets - Clayton E.
Headley
- Tutorial: Petroleum Coke Calcining and Uses of Calcined Petroleum Coke -
Paul J. Ellis and Christopher A. Paul
- Effect of Mass-Transfer on Coking of Athabasca Bitumen Feedstocks -
Richard P. Dutta, William C. McCaffrey and Murray R. Gray
- Coking Characteristics of Partially Deasphalted Oils - Parviz Rahimi,
Thomas Gentzis and Travis Ciofani
- Experimental Coking Program - Charles M. Sheppard, Michael Volk, Jr. and
Keith D. Wisecarver
- Furnace Reliability and Optimization through the use of High Emissivity
Ceramic Coatings - John C. Hellander
- De-Entrainment and Washing of Flash Zone Vapors in Heavy Oils
Fractionators - Daryl W. Hanson, Norman Lieberman and Elizabeth Lieberman
- Use Hydroclones to Improve Delayed Coker Operations - Barry M. Buttler and
Gerald P. Kelton
- Coke Drum Design - Longer life Through Innovation - Charles (Chuck) J.
Pieper, Lestle R. (Ron) Shockley and Coby W. Stewart
- Delayed Coker Optimization by using Gamma Scanning Techniques - Jerry
Kolek and Mel Thompson
- Applied Artificial Intelligence for Delayed Coking - Joseph J. Kelley
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Other Papers of Interest
CIA Inspection has a library of other papers regarding delayed coke drums and
their operation. If the paper below is not a link, please contact the author or CIA for a copy of the
paper as it may be too large to put on this site.
- "Experience
with Vessels of Delayed Coking Units" - N.A. Weil and F.S.
Rapasky - Proceedings of the American Petroleum Institute, May 31, 1958.
- "Two
Experts look at Coke-Drum Fractures" - Oil and Gas Journal,
August 23, 1971.
- "API
Survey of Coke Drum Cracking Experience" - J.W. Thomas,
Proceedings of the American Petroleum Institute, 1981.
- "Time
for Coking Cycle can be Routinely Halved" - N.P. Lieberman, Oil
and Gas Journal, August 29, 1983.
- "Good
Operating Techniques Improve Yield, Increase Gas-oil Production"
- N.P. Lieberman, Oil and Gas Journal, March 10, 1986.
- "Procedure
Reduces Coke Cutting Time for Large Drums" - N.P. Lieberman, Oil
and Gas Journal, November 24, 1986.
- "How
Petroleum Delayed Coke Forms in a Drum" - P.J. Ellis and E.E.
Harden - Printed in Light Metals, The Minerals, Metals and Materials
Society, 1993.
- "Latest
Coker Designs Increase Liquid Yields, Reduce Emissions" - Oil and
Gas Journal, November 8, 1993.
- "Analysis
of Alternate Skirt Attachments to Coke Drums" - L.P. Antalffy,
K.L. Bardia, J.E. Baxter, D.W. Malek and J. Taagepera - PVP-Vol. 315, ASME,
1995.
- "Thermal
Cracking - Delayed Coking" - K.M. Negin and A. Gardner - Today's
Refinery, October 1996.
- "Thermal
Cracking 2 - Delayed Coking" - R. Klick and A. Gardner - Today's
Refinery, November 1997.
- "Design
Optimization of Coke Drum Support Skirt" - J.E. Baxter, PVP-Vol.
359, ASME, 1997.
- "Mechanical
Integrity Evaluation of Delayed Coke Drums" - A. Ramos, C. Rios,
J. Vargas, T. Tahara and T. Hasegawa - PVP-Vol. 359, ASME, 1997.
- "Optimization
of Coke Drum Support Skirt for Faster Operating Cycles" - J.E.
Baxter, PVP-Vol. 386, ASME, 1998.
- "Delayed
Coke Drum Assessment Using Field Measurements & FEA" - A.
Ramos, C. Rios, E. Johnsen, M. Gonzalez and J. Vargas, - PVP-Vol. 368,
ASME, 1998.
- "Understanding
Failure Mechanisms to Improve Reliability of Coke Drums" - J.A.
Penso, Y.M. Lattarulo, A.J. Seijas, J. Torres, D. Howden and C.L. Tsai -
PVP-Vol. 395, ASME, 1999.
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Information
Bulge Interpretation and Classification Guide
This document, written by CIA Inspection, was prepared as a guide to our
customers to aid them in the interpretation of their laser scan image files
and to help them put their results into an overall industry context. The
observations discussed in this guide are based on CIA Inspection's accumulated
experience of over 300 drum scans. If you would like a
copy of this paper, please contact Jacqueline
Cameron.
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Where are the Coke Drums? Questions we are
regularly asked are "How many coke drums are there?", and "Where
are they?". As part of our business, we have compiled a database of coke
drum numbers and locations throughout the world. To obtain a copy, please
e-mail us. |
